Prevalence Effectiveness and CT Presentations of Coronary Artery Disease amongst Adults Undergoing Coronary Artery Calcium Score at PBS Yaounde

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases affecting the global human population. This disease has been proven to be the major cause of death in both the developed and developing countries. The prevalence of CAD increases mortality, morbidity, and impairs patient quality of life. Despite the widely established CAD risk factor burden in SSA, there is still a paucity of data on its epidemiology in Cameroon. Thus the purpose of this study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence effectiveness and CT presentations of coronary artery disease amongst adults undergoing coronary artery calcium score at Centre Medical «les Promoteurs de la Bonne Santé Yaoundé». 

Materials and Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, carried on 80 adult participants undergoing coronary artery calcium score, which was calculated using the Cochran formula and a convenience sampling method. A structured form was used to collect data, saved in USB key and later analysed using SPSS version 27.0. This study included participants who gave their consent. An ethical clearance was obtained and an authorization obtained from the delegation of public health and from the director of centre medicale les promoteurs de la bonne santé. Participants’ informations were kept private to maintain confidentiality.

Results: They were 60 participants. 53.3% were female, 33.3% of participants were aged ≥70yrs. The prevalence of CAD was 80%. The relationship between age and was statistically significant p=0.000. Hypertension and low HDL were the dominant risk factors accounting for 58.3% respectively. 43.30% of participants were classified as very low risk according FRS. While 46.70% were classified as low risk using CACS. Agreement between the FRS and the CCS was found in 35 patients (58.3%). Hence there is a statistical significance between FRS and CACS (P value<0.001).

Conclusion: Findings from this study support the prognostic value of coronary artery calcium score and its use as a screening test for coronary artery disease. Therefore, proper implementation should be done to improve early diagnosis there by reducing the prevalence of coronary artery disease.